The MRK-27 system is designed to replace humans during operations in emergency environments. The MRK-27 systems incorporates a mobile robot, equipped with a manipulator, and a remote control station.
The system has the following features: relatively small dimensions and weight… ensure high system mobility at the expense of delivery to the worksite by a van. Tracked [...]

The three windings discussed above can be made to supply three individual circuits, when all six ends must be used. It is possible, however, to link the three circuits electrically with the result that the number of conductors necessary for the transmission of the power is reduced.
In the first instance it .is possible to effect [...]

THREE-PHASE SYSTEM
PRODUCTION OF THREE-PHASE CURRENTS
In an ordinary a. c. .circuit the current goes through all its phases in succession,’ but at any particular instant the current has only one
phase. In ttie three-phase system there are three circuits, and the currents in these have three different phases at the same instant of time. The phase difference [...]

Writing and Executing an Assembly Language Program
As we explained earlier, a program is a set of logically related instructions written in a specific sequence to accomplish a task. To manually write and execute an assembly language program on a single-board computer, with a Hex keyboard for input and LEDs for output, the following steps are [...]

Machine Language
The 8085 is a microprocessor with 8-bit word length: its instruction set (or language) is designed by using various combinations of these eight bits. The 8085 is an improved version of the earlier processor 8080A.
MICROCOMPUTERS, MICROPROCESSORS, AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
An instruction is a binary pattern entered through an input device to command the microprocessor to [...]

Summary of Important Concepts
The functions of various components of a microprocessor-based system can be summarized as follows:
1. The microprocessor
q communicates with all peripherals (memory and I/Os) using the system bus.
q controls timing of information flow.
a performs the computing tasks specified in a program.
2. The memory
q stores binary instructions and data called programs.
Q provides the instructions [...]

SYSTEM BUS
The system bus is a communication path between the microprocessor and peripherals; it is nothing but a group of wires to carry bits. In fact, there are several buses in the system that will be discussed in the next chapter. All peripherals (and memory) share the same bus;
however, the microprocessor communicates with only one [...]

FIGURE 1.3
Microprocessor-Based System with Bus Architecture
Arithmetic/Logic Unit This is the area of the microprocessor where various computing functions are performed on data. The ALU unit performs such arithmetic operations as addition and subtraction, and such logic operations as AND, OR, and exclusive OR. Results are stored either in registers or in memory.
RegisterArray This area of [...]

Figure 1.3 shows a simplified but formaf structure of a microprocessor-based system or a product. Since a microcomputer is one among many microprocessor- bused systems, it wH) have the same structure as shown in Figure 1.3. It includes four components: microprocessor, input, output, and memory (read/write memory and read-only memory). These components are organized around [...]

We can also view the microprocessor as a primary component of a computer. Traditionally, the computer is represented in block diagram as shown in Figure 1.2(a). The block diagram shows that the computer has four components: Memory, Input, Output, and the central processing unit (CPU), which consists of the Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit. [...]

The fact that the microprocessor is programmable means it can be instructed to perform given tasks within its capability. A piano is a programmable machine; it is capable of generating various kinds of tones based on the number of keys it has. A musician selects keys depending upon the musical score printed on a sheet. [...]

BINARY DIGITS
The microprocessor operates in binary digits, 0 and 1, also known as bits. Bit is an abbreviation for the term binary digit. These digits are represented in terms of electrical voltages in the machine: generally, 0 represents one voltage level, and 1 represents another. The digits 0 and 1 are also synonymous with low [...]

A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable logic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions, and provides results as output. A typical programmable machine can be represented with three components: microprocessor, memory, and I/O as shown in Figure 1.1. These [...]